Contents

Introduction

Acknowledgements and dedication

The sentence and it's parts
1. Word glasses
2. The sentence: types and structures

Basic verb forms
3. Imperatives
4. Present simple
5. Present simple: be
6. Present continuous
7. Present simple or present continuous
8. Past simple
9. Past simple: be
10. Past continuous
11. Present perfect 1
12. Present perfect 2
13. Present perfect or past simple
14. Present perfect continuous
15. Past perfect and past simple
16. Future with going to
17. Future with will
18. Future continuous
19. Future perfect
20. Future review
21. have and have got
22. Review: main verb forms
23. Review: auxiliary verb forms
24. Short form or full form

Question forms and answers
25. Yes/No question forms
26. Wh question forms
27. Tag questions
28. Short answers
29. Indirect forms; question word + infinitive
30. So and Neither/Nor; so and not

Modal forms
31. Ability and possibility
32. Requests, permissions and offers
33. Advice and criticism
34. Necessity and obligation
35. Non-necessity and negative obligation
36. Certainty and uncertainty
37. Review: past modal forms
38. General review: modal forms

Passive verb forms
39. Passive: formation and uses
40. Passive tenses and modal forms
41. Other passive structures

Infinitives and ing forms
42. Verb + to + infinitive or verb + ing form 1
43. Verb + to + infinitive or verb + ing form 2
44. Verb + object + to + infinitive
45. Verb + preposition + ing form
46. Adjective + preposition + ing form; be/get used to and used to
47. Structures with ing clauses
48. Common expressions with ing forms

Conditional forms
49. Type 0 and type 1 conditionals
50. Type 2 conditionals
51. Type 3 conditionals
52. wish and if only; other conditional forms

Reported speech
53. Reported statements
54. Reported questions
55. Reported orders, etc.; special reporting verbs

Nouns and articles
56. Singular and plural
57. Irregular noun forms
58. Countable and uncountable nouns
59. Two-word nouns
60. Articles 1: a/an, the and some
61. Articles 2: general and specific
62. Direct and indirect objects

Other determiners and pronouns
63. Demonstratives; one and ones
64. some or any
65. something, anybody, everyone, etc.
66. there is, there are; it, they, them, etc
67. Quantity
68. Partitives
69. Personal pronouns: subject and object
70. Possessive forms
71. Reflexive pronouns

Relative clauses
72. Relative clauses with who, which and that
73. Reduced relative clauses; whom; prepositions
74. Relative clauses with whose, what, when, where, why
75. Relatives with participles, relatives for emphasis
76. Defining and 'adding extra' relative clauses

Adjectives and adverbs
77. Use of adjectives; word order
78. Participle adjectives; it + adjective + infinitive; the young
79. Adjectives and adverbs
80. Adverb positions
81. Adverb types
82. Comparison 1: adjective and adverb forms
83. Comparison 2: sentence patterns
84. too and enough
85. a bit, very; much, a lot; so, much

Prepositions
86. Prepositions 1: place and movement
87. Prepositions 2: place at, in, on
88. Prepositions 3: time at, in, on; past, to
89. Prepositions 4: time for, since; ago, before; during, while; until/till, by
90. Preposition + noun, noun + preposition
91. Adjective + preposition

Prepositional and phrasal verbs
92. Prepositional verbs
93. Phrasal verbs

Linking ideas, sentences and discourse
94. Linking ideas in a single clause
95. Linking ideas in sentences 1: overview
96. Linking ideas in sentences 2: contrast
97. Linking ideas in sentences 3: purpose, reason and result
98. Linking ideas in sentences 4: conditions and time connections
99. Connecting sentences
100. Shaping discourse

Exit test

Appendices
1. Irregular verbs
2. Some spelling rules
3. Punctuation
4. Numbers
5. Days, dates and times
6. British and American English

Answer key

Exit test answer key

Index